The
Way Of The Program
1.1 Introduction.
1.2
The Python Programming Language.1.3 What is a program?1.4
What is Debugging?1.5 Formal and Natural Languages.
Introduction:
Python
is widely used
general purpose, High
level programming language. It was initially designed by Guido Van Rossum
in 1991 and
developed by python
software foundation. It was
mainly developed for
emphasis on code
readability and its
syntax allows programmable to express concepts in fewer lines of code.
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| python |
The Way Of The Program:
The single most
important skill for a programmer is problem solving. Problem
solving means the ability to formulate problems,
think creatively about
solutions, and express
a solution clearly and
accurately. As it turns out, the process of learning to program is an excellent
opportunity to practice problem-solving skills.
The python programming language:
The programming languages are two types,
high-level and Low-level languages. High level languages are designed to be used by the human operator or the programmer. They are
referred to as “close
to humans “. In other
words, their programming style and context
is easier to learn and implement than low level
languages, and entire
code generally focuses
on the specific program to be created. High level languages are python, c, c++, perl
and java. Low level languages are machine
language and assembly language.
Two
kinds of program
process high level
languages into low
level languages: Interpreters and compilers. An interpreters reads
a high level language and executes a code line by line where as complier executes the code after
compiling the whole code. Python comes under the interpreter because of it executes every line and it shows
error in any particular line.
What is a Program:
A program is a sequence
of instructions that specifies how to perform
a computation. The computation might be something Mathematical, such as solving a system of equations or finding
the roots of a polynomial, but it can also be a symbolic
computation, such as searching and replacing
text in a document or complaining a program.
If you want some specific work from a specific device, then you gave some lines of code according to your needs. That is called PROGRAM.
What is debugging:
Programming is a complex process,
and because it is done
by human beings,
it often leads to errors. For whimsical reasons, programming errors are called Bugs. The process of tracking
them down and correcting them is called DEBUGGING.
Three kinds of errors can occur
in a program: SYNTAX errors,
RUNTIME errors and
SEMANTIC errors. It is useful
to distinguish between
them in order
to track them
down more quickly.
Syntax errors:
Syntax errors
are the most basic type
of error. They
arise when the python parser
is unable to understand a line of code. Then it shows
the syntax error
on a particular line and the exact word also with this symbol “^”. This
errors happens when python can’t
understand what your are
saying.
Runtime Errors:
It doesn’t
show any error
until you run the program, it don’t have any syntax
error. But while executing the program it shows the error, this
error is called
the Runtime error
or Exceptions.
Semantic error:
The third
type of error
is semantic error.
The program won’t
shows any error
while running and executing. Its shows the wrong output
because of the small errors
in the program like
dividing by 0, end of the line: will be missed
like that. to identify this errors you what to do reverse programming.
Formal and Natural languages:
Natural Languages are the languages that
people speak, such as English,
Spanish, and French.
Formal Languages are languages that
are designed by people for specific applications. For example, the notation that mathematicians use is a formal language
that is particular good at denoting
relationships among numbers
and symbols. Chemists
use a formal language
to represent the chemical
structure of molecules.
Programming languages are Formal languages that have been designed to express computations.
The first program:
Traditionally, the first program
written in a new language
is called “Hello, World!” because
all it does is display
the words, “Hello,
World!” in python,
it looks like this:
>>>Print
(“Hello, World!”)
This is an example of a Print statement which doesn’t actually print anything on a paper.
It is display a value on the screen.
In this case, the result
is the words
>>>Hello, World!
The quotation marks in the program
the beginning and end of the value;
they don’t appear
in the result.
Glossary:
Problem solving: The process of formulating a problem, finding
a solution, and
expressing the solution.
High-level language: The python language is designed to be easy
for humans to read and write.
Low-level language: A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to execute;
also called “Machine language” or “Assembly language”.
Interpreter: To execute a program in a high-level language by
translating it one line a time.
Compiler: To translate a program written
in high-level language into a low-level language all at once, in preparation for later execution.
Source code: A program in a high-level language before being
compiled. Object code: The output of the compiler after it translates the program. Executable: Another name
for object code
that is ready
to be executed. Script: A program stored
in a file (usually one that will
be interpreted). Program: A set of instructions that
specifies a computation.
Algorithm: A general purpose for solving a category of
problem.
Bug: An error in a program.
Debugging: The process of finding and removing any of the
three kinds of programming errors.
Syntax: The structure of program.
Syntax error: An error in a program
that makes it impossible to parse (and therefore impossible to interpret).
Runtime error: An error that
does not occur
until the program
has started to execute but that prevents from continuing.
Exception: Another name for run time error.
Semantic error: An error in a program
that makes it do something other than what
the program intended.
Semantics: The meaning of program.
Natural language: Any one of the languages that people speak
that evolved naturally.
Formal language: Any one of the languages that people have
designed for specific
purpose, such as representing mathematical ideas or
computer programs; all programming languages are formal languages.
Token:
One of the basic elements
of the syntactic structure of a program, analogous to a word
in a natural language.
Parse: To examine a program and analyze the syntactic
structure.
Print statement: An instruction that
causes the python
interpreter to display
a value on the screen.
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